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diff --git a/treetree.md b/treetree.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..28e62ff --- /dev/null +++ b/treetree.md @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +## Input and Output operations + +- INP + _Input_ + **put 1 str** + Get a string from the active in-stream (cin is default), terminated by the set in-stream termination character (newline is default) +- OUT + _Output_ + **pop 1 str** + Put a string in the active out-stream (cout is default), terminated by the set out-stream termination character (newline is default) +- IFI + _Input File_ + **pop 1 str** + **put 1 int** + Get a filename, open that file for reading and set the active in-stream to that file. Returns a boolean value with true for succes and false for any error that has occured while trying to open the file. +- OFI + _Output File_ + **pop 1 str** + **put 1 int** + Get a filename, open that file for writing and set the active out-stream to that file. Returns a boolean value with true for succes and false for any error that has occured while trying to open the file. +- IUS + _Input User_ + Set the active in-stream to cin and if required close the file previously set as the active in-stream. +- OUS + _Output User_ + Set the active out-stream to cout and if required close the file previously set as the active out-stream. +- ICH + _Input Character_ + **pop 1 str** + Change the in-stream termination character (newline is default). +- OCH + _Output Character_ + ** pop 1 str ** + Change the out-stream termination character (newline is default). + +## Tree operations + +- PSH + _Push_ + **pop 1 int** + Take the root node and its secondary children and put it between the n-th and (n+1)-th primary child of the root node. Negative numbers invoke a PLL with that number's absolute value. +- PLL + _Pull_ + **pop 1 int** + Take the n-th node and its secondary children and make it the root node, with the previous root node as its primary child. Negative numbers invoke a PSH with that number's absolute value. +- SWP + _Swap_ + Swap the root node's primary and secondary child. +- POP + _Pop_ + Remove the root node and its secondary children from the tree, making the previous root node's primary child the root node. +- DUP + _Duplicate_ + Copy the root node and its secondary children and make it the root node, making the previous root node the new root node's primary child. +- GRB + _Grab_ + **pop 1 int** + Take n generations of primary children of the root node with all of their secondary children and insert them between the root node and the root node's secondary child. +- REL + _Release_ + **pop 1 int** + Take n-1 generations of primary children of the root node's secondary child and the root node's secondary child itself with all of their secondary children and insert them between the root node and and the root node's primary child. + +## Datatypes + +- INT + _Integer_ + **pop 1 datatype** + **put 1 int** + Convert datatype to integer. When impossible, the NaN type is put instead of an integer. +- FLT + _Floating point_ + **pop 1 datatype** + **put 1 flt** + Convert datatype to floating point. When impossible, the NaN type is put instead of a floating point. +- STR + _String_ + **pop 1 datatype** + **put 1 str** + Convert datatype to string. This always succeeds. +- NAN + _Not a Number_ + **put 1 nan** + Put a Not a Number type. +- LEN + _Length_ + **pop 1 str** + **put 1 int** + Put the number of characters in the string. If the datatype is not a string, NaN is put instead of an integer. +- SPL + _Split_ + **pop 1 int** + **put 1 str** + Split the string in two between the the n-th character from the beginning of the string for positive numbers and between the (length+n)-th character for negative values of n. For all values for n that are out of string bounds throw an error. + +## Math, Arithmetic and Bitwise operators + +All operations are applied on the root node and optionaly its primary child as first and second parameter. One of these parameters is allowed to have secondary children, on which the operation is also executed. This allows for a large number of operations in a small number of commands. + +All math and arithmetic functions work for the integer and floating point type. The operation will return a floating point, when one of the parameters is a floating point. Otherwise it will return an integer. + +Bitwise operators require integers, although the SUM and PRO operations work on strings as well. + +Operations on illegal types will throw an error, and math errors will result in the NaN type. (ex. 1/0 -> NaN) + +- SUM + _Sum_ + 1. The sum of two numbers. + 2. Concatenation of two strings. +- DIF + _Difference_ + The difference between two numbers +- PRO + _Product_ + 1. The product of two numbers + 2. A number of times a string concatenated to itself. +- QUO + _Quotient_ + The quotient of two numbers +- POW + _Power_ + The first parameter raised to the second parameter's power. +- ROO + _Root_ + The first parameter's root of the first parameter's degree. +- LOG + _Logarithm_ + The second parameter's log of the first parameter. +- MOD + _Modulo_ + The remainder of a division of the first and second parameter. +- SIG + _Sigma/Summation_ + The sum of the root node and all its secondary children. +- PI\_ + _Pi/Product_ + The product of the root node and all its secondary children. +- OR\_ + _Bitwise Or_ + The bitwise or of two integers. +- AND + _Bitwise And_ + The bitwise and of two integers. +- XOR + _Bitwise Xor_ + The bitwise xor of two integers. +- INV + _Bitwise Invert_ + The bitwise inversion of an integer. +- NOT + _Not_ + A boolean not of an integer. (equal to n<1) +- EQU + _Equal_ + Compare to datatypes and put true when they are equal and otherwise put false. +- NEQ + _Not Equal_ + Compare to datatypes and put true when they are not equal and otherwise put false. +- SML + _Smaller than_ + Compare to datatypes and put true when the first is smaller than the second and otherwise put false. +- GRT + _Greater than_ + Compare to datatypes and put true when the first is greater than the second and otherwise put false. + +## Constants and Generated Variables + +- TAU + _Tau_ + **put 1 flt** + Put the ratio of a circle's circumference to its radius, equal to 2π. +- E__ + _e_ + **put 1 flt** + Put Euler's number. +- RND + _Random_ + **put 1 int** + Put a random integer. + +## Loops and Conditions + +- JMP + _Jump_ + **pop 1 int** + Let the n-th command be the next one. +- EXJ + _Extended Jump_ + **pop 1 int** + **put 1 int** + Let the n-th command be the next and put back an integer with the position of the command after this EXJ. +Useful for functions. +- IFJ + _If Jump_ + **pop 1 int** + If the second parameter is true, jump to the first parameters position. +- STP + _Stop_ + Terminate the program + +## Debug functions + +- STK + _Stack_ + Output the stack without popping anything. + +## Literals + +Integers and floating points are written down as one normally would, accepting an 'e' for an exponent, a minus sign in front for negative and a dot ('.') as the decimal separator. Strings are enclosed in "double quotes" and comments in 'single quotes' or, more preferably, in {braces}. +Special characters in strings can be written down as they are, with the sole exception of the double quote ("), which cannot be put in a string literal. + +Bare literals in the code get pushed into the tree such that the old root node becomes the first child of the newly pushed thing, and thus the newly pushed thing becomes the new root node.
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